|
| Animal | Manure
(kg/animal/day) | Manure relative to one sow and progeny | N
(kg/animal/day) | P
(kg/animal/day) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 breeding doe and progeny
(av. 23 kg) | 1.53 | 18.6 | 0.0195 | 0.009 |
| 1 breeding sow and progeny to finishing stage
(av. 496 kg) | 28.46 | 1 | 0.217 | 0.073 |
| 1 beef steer
(av. 568 kg) | 34.09 | 0.83 | 0.195 | 0.062 |
Figures calculated from Kruger (unpublished) and Lebas et al. (1986).
The composition of the waste produced varies with the type and age of the rabbit, and particularly with the diet. The figures in Table 4 from Lebas et al. (1986) provide some guide for developing nutrient budgets.
| Origin | Weight per day (g) | Content of fresh product (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen | P2O5 | ||
| Faeces: | |||
| Fattening young | 40–50 | 1.5–1.7 | 2.0–5.0 |
| Nursing doe | 150–200 | 1.2–1.5 | 5.0–7.0 |
| Resting adult | 70–80 | 1.2–1.5 | 2.0–4.0 |
| Urine: | |||
| Fattening young | 80–110 | 1.0–1.3 | 0.05 |
| Nursing doe | 250–300 | 1.0–1.3 | >0.02 |
| Resting adult | 100 | 1.0–1.3 | 0.08 |
In terms of volume of solid waste, on an annual basis, American literature suggests that a doe and her 30–40 kittens will create a combined total of 0.2–0.25 cubic metres of manure annually. This figure relates to a commercial situation where kittens are removed at approximately 12 weeks of age.
| Material | Nitrogen % | Phosphorus % | Potassium % | Comments |
| Chicken Manure (fresh) | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 | Compost, or delay planting at least 3 wks. |
| Cow Manure (fresh) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | Compost, or delay planting at least 3 wks. |
| Horse Manure (fresh) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.6 | Compost, or delay planting at least 3 wks. |
| Pig Manure (fresh) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | Compost, or delay planting at least 3 wks. |
| Rabbit Manure (fresh) | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.6 | Compost, or delay planting at least 3 wks. |
| Sheep Manure (fresh) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | Compost, or delay planting at least 3 wks. |
| Worm Castings | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | High in organic matter. Already Composted |
| Table 2: Approximate composition of organic fertilizers.* | |||
| Fertilizer | Percent composition | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N | P2O5 | K2O | |
| Cow manure | 0.5-2.0 | 0.2-0.9 | 0.5-1.5 |
| Horse manure | 0.5-2.5 | 0.3-2.5 | 0.5-3.0 |
| Sheep manure | 1.0-4.0 | 1.0-2.5 | 1.0-3.0 |
| Rabbit manure, dry | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.8 |
| Poultry manure | 1.1-6.0 | 0.5-4.0 | 0.5-3.0 |
| Dried blood | 12.0-14.5 | 0.4-1.5 | 0.6 |
| Hog manure | 0.3-0.5 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.4-0.5 |
| *Actual percent composition depends upon moisture content, bedding and/or litter materials. | |||
| . | ||||
| .
NPK charts - organic fertilizers and soil amendments
| ||||
|
Manures
| ||||
| source | N | P | K | comments |
| Rabbit manure | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.6 | Most concentrated of animal manures in fresh form. |
| Cow manure (dairy) | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.5 | Often contains weed seeds, should be hot composted. |
| Steer manure | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 | Often contains weed seeds, should be hot composted if fresh. |
| Chicken manure | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | Fast acting, breaks down quickest of all manures.
Use carefully, may burn. Also, stinks like hell - composting definitely recommended. |
| Horse manure | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.6 | Medium breakdown time. |
| Duck manure | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 | . |
| Sheep manure | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | . |
| Worm castings | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 50% organic material plus 11 trace minerals. Great for seedlings, will not burn.
Is a form of compost, so doesn't need composting. |
Note: it is recommended to first compost any fresh manure before you use it for 2 reasons: 1) to lessen the chance of harmful pathogens. 2) to break down the manure to make it more usable to the plant (and reduce the smell!) The rates for pig or human manure are not listed because of the high rate of harmful pathogens they contain. | ||||
| animal | % nitrogen | % phosphoric acid | % potash |
| Dairy cow | 0.57 | 0.23 | 0.62 |
| Beef steer | 0.73 | 0.48 | 0.55 |
| Horse | 0.70 | 0.25 | 0.77 |
| Swine | 0.49 | 0.34 | 0.47 |
| Sheep/goat | 1.44 | 0.5 | 1.21 |
| Rabbit | 2.40 | 1.40 | 0.60 |
| Chicken | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.39 |
Organic material
N
P2O5
K2O
Blood, dried
13.0
2.0
1.0
Bone meal, raw
3.0
22.0
--
Bone meal, steamed
1.0
15.0
--
Compost
1.5 - 3.5
0.5 - 1.0
1.0 - 2.0
Manure, dairy
0.6 - 2.1
0.7 - 1.1
2.4 - 3.6
Manure, duck
0.6
1.4
0.5
Manure, feedlot
1.0 - 2.5
0.9 - 1.6
2.4 - 3.6
Manure, horse
1.7 - 3.0
0.7 - 1.2
1.2 - 2.2
Manure, poultry
2.0 - 4.5
4.5 - 6.0
2.1 - 2.4
Manure, rabbit
2.4
1.4
0.6
Manure, sheep
3.0 - 4.0
1.2 - 1.6
3.0 - 4.0
Manure, swine
3.0 - 4.0
0.4 - 0.6
0.5 - 1.0
Table 50.-Average composition of excrement ender wire-mesh cages of rabbits receiving balanced concentrate feed
±6:1 ±12:1 ±25:1 ±50:1 ±100:1
The lists in this table of carbon/nitrogen ratios are broken out as general ranges of C/N. It has long been an unintelligent practice of garden-level books to state "precise" C/N ratios for materials. One substance will be "23:1" while another will be "25:1." Such pseudoscience is not only inaccurate but it leads readers into similar misunderstandings about other such lists, like nitrogen contents, or composition breakdowns of organic manures, or other organic soil amendments.
[WEBSITE AUTHOR'S COMMENT: There appears to be a discrepency in the data table for rabbit manure. Most scientists find that the manures of an animal reflect the diet of the animal. In that case, Canadian rabbits eat a far lower grade food than others as their manures in this table are 10 times lower in fertilizer value. Possibly there is a misplaced decimal point, giving a figure 10 times lower than the correct one?]
APPENDIX A-1: Manure Nutrient Content for Various Livestock Species*
Type of Livestock Moisture
Total
Total N Available N Crop N P2O5 K2O lbs/
kg/
lbs/
kg/
lbs/
kg/
lbs
kg/
lbs/
kg/
Rabbit
0.5 10 5.1 4.2 2.1 4.6 2.4 24 12 10 5.1 Beef Open Lot 50 0.9 17 8.7 4.4 2.2 5.1 26 11 5.6 16 8.2 Paved 65 0.7 13 6.6 5 2.6 4.4 2.3 4 2 9 4.6 Closed 92 0.5 9 4.6 3.9 2 3.3 1.7 4 2 10 5.1 Dairy Free Stall 92 0.5 9 4.6 4.1 2.1 3.7 1.9 4 2 10 5.1 Tie Stall 80 0.6 11 5.6 4.6 2.3 4.2 2.1 4 2 10 5.1 Hogs Farrow-finish 96 0.4 7 3.6 3.2 1.6 3 1.5 5 2.6 4 2 Farrow-wean 96 0.4 7 3.6 3.2 1.6 3 1.5 5 2.6 4 2 Feeder 96 0.4 7 3.6 3.2 1.6 3 1.5 5 2.6 4 2 Poultry Layers (solid) 60 1.6 32 16 25 13 22 11 56 29 20 10 Layers (liquid) 90 1 19 9.8 15 7.5 13 6.6 34 17 12 6.1 Broilers 35 1.9 37 19 25 13 21 11 30 15 20 10 Breeders 35 2 39 20 26 13 23 12 60 31 20 10 Turkey Hens 35 1.9 37 19 25 13 21 11 30 15 20 10 Toms 35 1.9 37 19 25 13 21 11 30 15 20 10 Broilers 35 1.9 37 19 25 13 21 11 30 15 20 10 Horse
0.6 12 6.1 6 3.1 5.7 2.9 6 3.1 12 6.1 Lambs 50 0.7 14 7.1 5.6 2.9 5.3 2.7 9 4.6 25 13
Table 1 shows the typical composition of some organic fertilizers. There is much variation between samples of these materials, so regard the numbers as guidelines. This is especially true of animal manures. Manure nutrient content will vary according to factors such as the feed used, percentage and type of litter or bedding, moisture content, age, and degree of decomposition. With the commercially prepared, bagged manure, some nitrogen content is lost in the drying process.
Table 1. - Nutrient value of some organic fertilizer materials
http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5082e/X5082E0f.htm
Breakdown of crude product From Varenne et al., 1963 From Franchet, 1979 Percent Dry matter 40-50 24-28 Total minerals 14- 18 5-11 Nitrogen 0.8-2.0 0.7-1.0 P2O5 1.0-3.7 0.9- 1.8 K2O 0.2-1.3 0.5-1 0 CaO 0 9-3 4 0.4-2.0 pH 7.2-9.7 8.1-8.8
http://www.soilandhealth.org/03sovereigntylibrary/0302%20homestedlibrary/030202/03020202.html
Bone Meal Vegetables Summer grass cornstalks (dry) Sawdust Meat scraps Garden weeds Seaweed Straw (grain) Paper Fish waste Alfalfa hay Legume hulls Hay (low quality) Tree bark Rabbit manure Horse manure Fruit waste Bagasse Chicken manure Sewage sludge Hay (top quality) Grain chaff Pig manure Silage Corn cobs Seed meal Cow manure Cotton mill waste
http://res2.agr.ca/initiatives/manurenet/en/facts.html
*Based on averages form a variety of sources. Actual farm values may vary greatly.
%
N%
ton
tonne
ton
tonne
ton
tonne
/ton
tonne
ton
tonne
http://www.ces.uga.edu/Agriculture/horticulture/TT-spring99.html
--------------------------------------------------
| Organic material | N | P2O5 | K2O |
| Blood, dried | 13.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
| Bone meal, raw | 3.0 | 22.0 | -- |
| Bone meal, steamed | 1.0 | 15.0 | -- |
| Compost | 1.5 - 3.5 | 0.5 - 1.0 | 1.0 - 2.0 |
| Fish meal (dry) | 10.0 | 6.0 | -- |
| Fish scrap (dry) | 3.5 - 12.0 | 1.0 - 12.0 | 0.08 - 1.6 |
| Manure, dairy | 0.6 - 2.1 | 0.7 - 1.1 | 2.4 - 3.6 |
| Manure, duck | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| Manure, feedlot | 1.0 - 2.5 | 0.9 - 1.6 | 2.4 - 3.6 |
| Manure, horse | 1.7 - 3.0 | 0.7 - 1.2 | 1.2 - 2.2 |
| Manure, poultry | 2.0 - 4.5 | 4.5 - 6.0 | 2.1 - 2.4 |
| Manure, rabbit | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
| Manure, sheep | 3.0 - 4.0 | 1.2 - 1.6 | 3.0 - 4.0 |
| Manure, swine | 3.0 - 4.0 | 0.4 - 0.6 | 0.5 - 1.0 |
Most of the waste in a rabbit operation falls through the wire floor of the cage and accumulates under it or collects in a metal or plastic drop pan. It can be removed by hand or using a mechanically operated scraper. It may be economically feasible to collect and sell rabbit manure as a fertilizer to homeowners and small gardeners. The manure from rabbits makes excellent compost, rich in organic matter and nutrients. The composition from rabbit manure varies but is approximately 1.3% N, 0.9%P, and 1.0% K. It is drier than poultry manure.
Fifteen does and 2 bucks and their litters will produce approximately 1 ton of manure. A doe and her litter will produce approximately 0.025 cubic feet per day, exclusive of any bedding or wash water. Another method of estimating manure production is to multiply the amount of feed consumed by the rabbits by 1.5 to 2 to obtain the total dry matter produced.